Tag Archives: rhel

How to Undelete Files on XFS Filesystem

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There are a couple different options for undeleting files for XFS filesystems.

TestDisk

TestDisk is a great command line recovery tool. Unfortunately, it can be slightly more difficult on systems using XFS compared to EXT4 systems. TestDisk does not support undeleting a file in place on XFS.

You can still recover files using TestDisk, you just need to recover the whole drive and dig through the recovery results to find the files you want.

xfs_undelete

There is also another utility that can be helpful. xfs_undelete

https://github.com/ianka/xfs_undelete

It allows for a little more flexibility in recovering files. For instance, you can specify to recover the files from the past hour to recover.

Download prerequisites 

sudo dnf install tcllib
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ianka/xfs_undelete/master/xfs_undelete
chmod u+x ./xfs_undelete

./xfs_undelete

Example of running xfs_undelete

./xfs_undelete -t -1hour ./dev/sda2

You will need a different filesystem to save the files to. Otherwise you will receive the following error.

Your output directory is  /home/bob/recovery/
That is within the filesystem  /  you want to recover files
from. This isn't feasible as it would overwrite the deleted files you wanted to
recover. Please specify the option -o /path/to/output_directory on another (rw
mounted) filesystem or run xfs_undelete from within a directory on that
filesystem so the recovered files could be written there. They cannot be
recovered in place.

It’s not the greatest idea to recover on the system while running. Ideally, shut the system down, plug the drive into another machine as read only, and copy the files off.

You could also boot up in single user mode or a live Linux iso/thumbdrive and mount another recovery drive. Should work for both physical and virtual environments.

Hardening SNMP on CentOS/RedHat/Fedora Etc.

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These steps should be similar across Red Hat type distros.

Before we proceed, lets stop SNMP

sudo systemctl stop snmpd

Disable SNMP Versions 1 and 2c

First we are going to disable SNMP v1 and v2c

You can manually edit the /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf file and comment out or delete every line starting with com2sec, group, access. Or you can run the following sed commands to change it for you.

sudo sed -i 's/^com2sec/# com2sec/g' /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
sudo sed -i 's/^group/# group/g' /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
sudo sed -i 's/^access/# access/g' /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

https://serverfault.com/questions/376688/how-to-disable-version-1-and-version-2c-in-snmpd

Create SNMP Version 3 User

Follow the prompts to create a SNMP v3 user.

sudo net-snmp-create-v3-user -ro -a SHA -x AES

Start SNMP

sudo systemctl start snmpd

You should be good to go.

If you are running a firewall, you will need to allow an exception for SNMP, UDP port 161. You may also need to allow an SELinux exception. Check out the last portion of both these articles.

Setting up SNMP V3 on CentOS
Allowing SNMP Through Firewall
semanage Allow and Delete ports in CentOS